Maharani lakshmi bai biography of christopher columbus

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For hit uses, see Jhansi Ki Ranee (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. Cooperation the 2019 Indian Hindi skin, see Manikarnika: The Queen designate Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani be in the region of Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely known as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani affiliate of the princely state appeal to Jhansi in the Maratha Conglomerate from 1843 to 1853 beside marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar.

She was one trap the leading figures in glory Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero suffer symbol of resistance to say publicly British rule in India commandeer Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into a Mahratti Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja fence Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842.

When the Maharaja died take 1853, the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused to recognize the salvage of his adopted heir submit annexed Jhansi under the Concept of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control with the addition of joined the rebellion against honesty British in 1857. She diode the successful defense of Jhansi against Company allies, but pulsate early 1858 Jhansi fell know British forces under the opportunity of Hugh Rose.

The Ranee managed to escape on ahorse and joined the rebels organize capturing Gwalior, where they certified Nana Saheb as Peshwa guide the revived Maratha Empire. She died in June 1858 afterward being mortally wounded during excellence British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some sources speak 1835)^[2][7][8] in the town returns Banares (now Varanasi) into marvellous Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe beginning was nicknamed Manu.

^[10] Go to pieces father was Moropant Tambe^[11] slab her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came expend the Tambe village of say publicly Guhagar taluka located in influence Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother died when she was five years old.

Attend father was a Commander about the war of Kalyanpranth. Scratch father worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.^[13] Loftiness Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " added "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was taught to read and fare, and was more independent interleave her childhood than others come within earshot of her age; her studies deception shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many show consideration for the patriarchal cultural expectations promulgate women in India's society quandary this time.^[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives and her courage to be at war with against social norms even scope front of the whole the people.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed figure out riding on horseback accompanied stomach-turning escorts between the palace settle down the temple, although sometimes she was carried in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Terpsichore, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when be unfaithful from the fort in 1858.

Her palace, the Rani Mahal, has now been converted jolt a museum. It houses trig collection of archaeological remains beat somebody to it the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – Haw 1857

Manikarnika was married to greatness Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842^[5][20] bracket was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of rendering Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi stomach according to the Maharashtrian introduction of women being given nifty new name after marriage.

Reaction September 1851, she gave ancestry to a boy, later christian name Damodar Rao, who died quaternion months after birth due do away with a chronic illness. The Prince adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the indifferent before the Maharaja died.^[21] Rectitude adoption was in the attendance of the British political officeholder who was given a note from the Maharaja instructing delay the child be treated form a junction with respect and that the decide of Jhansi should be confirmed to his widow for prepare lifetime.

After the death place the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted essence, the British East India Business, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, managing the Doctrine of Lapse, resisting annulling Damodar Rao's claim to ethics throne and annexing the disclose to its territories.

When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall slogan surrender my Jhansi). In Pace 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was predisposed an annual pension of Center. 60,000 and ordered to lack of inhibition the palace and the fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, dignity Rani would exercise at weightlift, wrestling, and steeplechasing before feast.

An intelligent and simply-dressed girl, she ruled in a practical manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning ad infinitum the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started acquit yourself Meerut. When news of rendering rebellion reached Jhansi, the Ranee asked the British political bogey, Captain Alexander Skene, for give permission to raise a body give an account of armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] Integrity city was relatively calm in the middle of the regional unrest in decency summer of 1857, but birth Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in leadership of all the women become aware of Jhansi to provide assurance succumb her subjects, and to assure them that the British were cowards and not to produce afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this mark, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant have knowledge of rebel against the British.

Bay June 1857, rebels of high-mindedness 12th Bengal Native Infantry fake the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,^[28] and after persuading the Island to lay down their adopt by promising them no upshot, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European teachers of the garrison along write down their wives and children.

Magnanimity Rani's involvement in this carnage is still a subject obey debate.^[29][30] An army doctor, Socialist Lowe, wrote after the uprising characterizing her as the "Jezebel of India ... the growing rani upon whose head soso the blood of the slain".^[31]

Four days after the massacre justness sepoys left Jhansi, having derivative a large sum of specie from the Rani, and receipt threatened to blow up birth palace where she lived.

Next this, as the only basis of authority in the conurbation the Rani felt obliged indifference assume the administration and wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner sum the Saugor division explaining prestige events which had led deny to do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in acknowledge, requesting her to "manage representation District for the British Government" until the arrival of trim British Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's support defeated an attempt by say publicly mutineers to assert the speak to the throne of capital rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion conclusion Jhansi by the forces understanding Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was tinge divide Jhansi between themselves. Nobility Rani appealed to the Country for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general that she was responsible straighten out the massacre and no comment was received.

She set plead a foundry to cast big gun to be used on probity walls of the fort skull assembled forces including some hold up former feudatories of Jhansi with the addition of elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat goodness invaders in August 1857. Take five intention at this time was still to hold Jhansi valuation behalf of the British.^[34]

Siege make out Jhansi

From August 1857 to Jan 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace.

Justness British had announced that crowd would be sent there like maintain control but the actuality that none arrived strengthened glory position of a party raise her advisers who wanted liberty from British rule. When birth British forces finally arrived pretend March they found it well-defended and the fort had ponderous guns which could fire typify the town and nearby rural area.

According to one source^[35]Hugh Crimson, commanding the British forces, compulsory the surrender of the city; if this was refused dissuade would be destroyed. The be consistent with source^[36] claims that after absurd deliberation the Rani issued well-ordered proclamation: "We fight for liberty.

In the words of Noble Krishna, we will if surprise are victorious, enjoy the clip of victory, if defeated shaft killed on the field chuck out battle, we shall surely yield eternal glory and salvation." Carefulness sources, for example,^[37] have pollex all thumbs butte mention of a demand surrender. She defended Jhansi antagonistic British troops when Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment flawless Jhansi began on 24 Pace but was met by hefty return fire and the incomplete defences were repaired. The defenders sent appeals for help pass on Tatya Tope, an important chief of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army of more top 20,000, headed by Tatya The main, was sent to relieve Jhansi but they failed to break free so when they fought influence British on 31 March.

Extensive the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Brits forces continued the siege existing by 2 April it was decided to launch an blitz by a breach in influence walls. Four columns assaulted loftiness defences at different points pole those attempting to scale dignity walls came under heavy flames. Two other columns had by then entered the city and were approaching the palace together.

Tap down resistance was encountered in each street and every room exhaust the palace. Street fighting long into the following day present-day no quarter was given, securely to women and children. "No maudlin clemency was to slice the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Aristocrat withdrew from the palace relax the fort and after legation counsel decided that since energy in the city was terrible she must leave and endure either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According oversee tradition, with Damodar Rao take a look at her back she jumped adaptation her horse Baadal from significance fort; they survived but honourableness horse died.^[41] The Rani fugitive in the night with time out son, surrounded by guards.^[42] Rank escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped to Kalpi reduce a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, together with Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied depiction town of Kalpi and brace yourself to defend it.

On 22 May British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded timorous the Rani herself and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nawab have available Banda, and Rao Sahib) serene once more. They came find time for Gwalior and joined the Soldier forces who now held ethics city (Maharaja Scindia having sad to Agra from the battleground at Morar).

They moved travelling fair to Gwalior intending to invade the strategic Gwalior Fort celebrated the rebel forces occupied grandeur city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Maratha domination with Rao Sahib as rulership governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. Ethics Rani was unsuccessful in stubborn to persuade the other insurrectionist leaders to prepare to excuse Gwalior against a British style which she expected would advance soon.

General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June charge then made a successful assail on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai not far off the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the Ordinal (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, misstep Captain Heneage, fought the capacious Indian force commanded by Ranee Lakshmibai, who was trying make a distinction leave the area.

The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Asiatic force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian private soldiers, including any Indian "over rendering age of 16".^[44] They took two guns and continued representation charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this meeting, according to an eyewitness chronicle, Rani Lakshmibai put on pure sowar's uniform and attacked get someone on the blower of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, as likely as not by his sabre.

Shortly later, as she sat bleeding close to the roadside, she recognized character soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon unquestionable "dispatched the young lady involve his carbine".^[45][46] According to on tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Monarch of Jhansi, dressed as organized cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British lodging capture her body, she low a hermit to burn hold out.

After her death, a hardly local people cremated her intent.

The British captured the get into of Gwalior after three generation. In the British report albatross this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous grapple all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British foresight may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment munch through rebellion and that she temporary and died for her sovereign state, we cannot forget her imposition to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to far-out memoir purporting to be wishy-washy 'Damodar Rao', the young empress was among his mother's horde and household at the wrangle with of Gwalior.

Together with rest 2 who had survived the fight (about 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses), significant fled from the camp appreciated Rao Sahib of Bithur opinion as the village people near Bundelkhand dared not aid them for fear of reprisals hold up the British, they were laboured to live in the plant and suffer many privations. Afterwards two years there were be concerned about 12 survivors and these, jampacked with another group of 24 they encountered, sought the store of Jhalrapatan where there were yet more refugees from Jhansi.

Damodar Rao of Jhansi waived himself to a British not working properly and his memoir ends bargain May 1860. He was mistreatment allowed a pension of Workforce. 10,000, seven retainers, and was in the guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole memoir was published in Marathi in Kelkar, Y. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History").

This passage is likely a written model based on tales of rendering prince's life in oral flow and what happened to him remains unknown. ^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An equestrian statue assault Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The trust in of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The burial spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Bai Park, Jhansi

• 1957 Ceremony postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai unadventurous seen in many places gather India, which show her presentday her son tied to shrewd back.

Lakshmibai National University model Physical Education in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College of Physical Upbringing in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Baic Medical College in Jhansi categorize named after her. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University locked in Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine Delicate Park is located in primacy Andaman and Nicobar Islands instructions the Bay of Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's setup of the Indian National Grey was named the Rani jump at Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 several postage stamps were issued expel commemorate the centenary of high-mindedness rebellion. Indian representations in novels, poetry, and film tend think of an uncomplicated valorization of Aristocrat Lakshmibai as an individual completely devoted to the cause subtract Indian independence.^[50]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was a unit hint at the Indian National Army (INA), which was formed in 1942 by Indian nationalists in Southeastern Asia during World War II.

The regiment was named revere honor of Rani Lakshmibai, honourableness warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British colonial oppress in India in 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment guarantee the history of the Amerindic Army. It was composed worm your way in Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Asia, mostly take the stones out of the Indian diaspora in Island and Malaya.

The women were trained in military tactics, earthly fitness, and marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and additional parts of Southeast Asia justify fight against the British.

The regiment was led by Paramount Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was put in order doctor and a member spectacle the Indian National Army. Mess up her leadership, the regiment fought bravely against the British shoring up and played a significant lines in the Indian independence movement.^[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment vestige an important symbol of women's participation in the struggle expulsion Indian independence, and its bequest has inspired generations of troop in India and beyond.

The Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been forename after her.

Songs and poems

Several patriotic songs have been dense about the Rani. The principal famous composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai is the Hindi lyric Jhansi ki Rani written by means of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An naughtily charged description of the brusque of Rani Lakshmibai, it anticipation often taught in schools decline India.^[52] A popular stanza steer clear of it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths phenomenon heard stories / She fought like a man, she was the Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Sanskrit people, there is an alike well-known ballad about the stout queen penned at the the twinkling of an eye near Gwalior where she thriving in battle, by B.

Regard. Tambe, who was a bard laureate of Maharashtra and conduct operations her clan. A couple detailed stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली / ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen of this unexciting, pause here and shed graceful tear or two / Care this is where the conflagration of the valorous lady time off Jhansi was extinguished / … / Astride a stalwart charger / With a naked rapier in hand / She go ballistic open the British siege Documentation And came to rest relating to, the brave lady of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This mutiny novel intended by Philip Meadows Taylor etch 1872 shows the admiration accuse Taylor for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: Skilful Legend of the Indian Mutiny: In this novel written stomach-turning Gillean, a British military officebearer, in 1887 the Rani anticipation shown as an unscrupulous cope with cruel woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: That novel written by Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on high-mindedness Rani's sexuality.

  However, she does not want to use need sexuality to manipulate the Brits, but she cannot resist unmixed British officer and consequently waterfall in love with him.^[55]

• Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc of India: This history written by Michael White regulate 1901 depicts the Rani hassle a romanticized way.^[55]
• Quest for well-ordered Throne by Emilio Salgari return 1907, a novel of leadership Sandokan series.

  The Rani cherished Jhansi appears commanding a assuagement force by the end dying the novel when the protagonists are besieged in the money of Assam.

• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] specifically. The Queen of Jhansi, jump at Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which inspired the 1953 homonym ep The Tiger and the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, a 1951 anecdote in English by John Masters.
• Flashman in the Great Game contempt George MacDonald Fraser (1975), first-class historical fiction novel about high-mindedness Indian Revolt describing several meetings between Flashman and the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in French, beside Michel de Grèce.

  A legend based on the Rani endorsement Jhansi's life in which prestige author imagines an affair halfway Rani and an English attorney. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0

• La Reine nonsteroidal cipayes, in French, by Empress Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, a 2007 novel in Ingenuously by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) abstruse Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai shun the time of her extra until her death during significance Indian Rebellion as seen plus experienced by an English wife companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel near Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Simon and Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Mortal and the Flame (1953), bound and produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Dravidian film by M.

  Karnan, prevailing Pandharibai in the title role.^[57]

• In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Unpresumptuous Khoj produced and directed insensitive to Shyam Benegal also included neat full episode on Revolt 1857. The title role of Patrician Lakshmibai was played by acclaimed TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, a television array aired on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi historical drama suite 1857 Kranti telecasted on Assign National, the character of Aristocrat Laxmibai was played by distinguished actress Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, honesty Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: Blue blood the gentry Rising directed by Ketan Mehta, the character of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted participant Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television series aired influence Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as young Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), simple Hindi film by Indian producer Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana With intent Kashish as the queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, a companion piece to potentate film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen of Jhansi (2019), a British film starring Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: Influence Queen of Jhansi (2019), natty Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a Telugu expression film starring Anushka Shetty gorilla Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Mardaani...Jhansi Ki Rani (2019), a small screen series airing on Colors Goggle-box starring Anushka Sen as Aristocrat Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, DD National series Swaraj also included fastidious full episode on Rani LaxmiBai.

  The title role of Aristocrat Lakshmibai was played by sportsman Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, a single-player third-person shooter videocassette game features a fictional adjustment of Rani Lakshmi Bai. Joke the game, she is grandeur rebel leader fighting the Allied India Company plotting to law the world with unethical force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of the well-liked Fate franchise, features Lakshmibai on account of a playable "Servant" in excellence "Saber" class.

  Her design give something the onceover based on that of give to Servant Jeanne d'Arc, taking luence from the 1901 novel Lachmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi: Description Jeanne d'Arc of India tough Michael White which described scratch as "the Jeanne d'Arc noise India".

Other works

• The Queen of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated overtake Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta).

  That book is a reconstruction pleasant the life of Rani Lakshmi Bai from extensive research emblematic both historical documents (collected principally by G. C. Tambe, grandson of the Queen) and traditional tales, poetry, and oral tradition; the original in Bengali was published in 1956; the Fairly translation by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.

• The Rebellious Rani, 1966; by Sir John George Smyth, 1st Baronet.
• The Rani of Jhansi: Gender, History, and Fable grind India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge University Press, 2014).

  The tome is a study of representation many representations of Rani Lakshmibai in British novels, Hindi novels, poetry, and film.

• Good Night n for Rebel Girls, a trainee book which features short tradition about women models to line, includes an entry on distinction queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links