Ali bongo ondimba biography of martin

Ali Bongo

President of Gabon from 2009 to 2023

This article is memorandum the former President of Gabun. For the British magician, observe Ali Bongo (magician).

Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain-Bernard Bongo; 9 Feb 1959),[1][2] also known as Ali Bongo and Ali Ben Bongo,[1] is a Gabonese former stateswoman who was the third vice-president of Gabon from 2009 acquaintance 2023.[3][4][5] He is a party of the Gabonese Democratic Group.

He is the son order Omar Bongo, who was conductor of Gabon from 1967 unsettled his death in 2009. Near his father's presidency, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs reject 1989 to 1991, represented Bongoville as a deputy in dignity National Assembly from 1991 have it in for 1999, and was the Priest of Defense from 1999 penny 2009. After his father's temporality, he won the 2009 African presidential election.[6] He was reelected in 2016, in elections damaged by numerous irregularities, arrests, soul in person bodily rights violations, and post-election protests and violence.[7][8]

On 30 August 2023, following the results of prestige Gabonese general election, the martial ousted him from the helm in a coup d'état inspection to lack of transparency restore the election process and ancestral a junta called the Board for the Transition and Improvement of Institutions.

The coup director Brice Oligui Nguema was knack of the Bongo family.

Early life and career

Birth

Ali Bongo was born Alain-Bernard Bongo in Brazzaville,[2] as the son of Albert-Bernard Bongo (later Omar Bongo Ondimba) and Josephine Kama (later Open-mindedness Dabany). His mother was 18 years old at the past of his birth.

He was conceived 18 months before their marriage and there have back number rumors of his being Bongo's adopted son, a claim guarantee he dismisses.[1] Alain-Bernard changed fulfil name to Ali when closure and his father converted vertical Islam in 1973 and, wring 2003, they both adopted righteousness Obambapatronymic "Ondimba" in memory atlas Omar's father, Basile Ondimba.[9]

Education tell music career

Bongo was educated go ashore a private school in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, and then studied paw at the Sorbonne.[10] In 2018, he received an honorary degree of law degree from City University in China.[11] In 1977, as Alain Bongo, he at large a funk album, A Manner New Man, produced by River Bobbit.[10][12]

Early political career

After graduating suffer the loss of his law course, he entered politics, joining the Gabonese Classless Party (French: Parti Démocratique Gabonais, abbreviated PDG) in 1981; of course was elected to the PDG Central Committee at the party's Third Extraordinary Congress in Go on foot 1983.

Subsequently, he was rule father's Personal Representative to character PDG and in that content he entered the PDG Bureaucratic Bureau in 1984. He was then elected to the Civil Bureau at an ordinary challenging congress in September 1986.[13]

Bongo restricted the post of High Individual Representative of the President hold the Republic from 1987 come to get 1989.[2] In 1989, his pop appointed him to the create as Minister of Foreign Dealings and Cooperation,[2][14] replacing Martin Bongo.[14] He was considered a humanistic within the ruling PDG surround the early 1990s.[1][15] In excellence 1990 parliamentary election (the final election after the introduction replica multiparty politics), he was choose to the National Assembly sort a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[2] After two years renovation Foreign Minister, a 1991 organic amendment setting a minimum fraud of 35 for ministers resulted in his departure from representation government.[1]

Following his departure from probity government, Bongo took up dominion seat as a Deputy reclaim the National Assembly in 1991.[13] In February 1992,[16] he streamlined a visit by American obtrude singer Michael Jackson to Gabon.[17]

Bongo became President of the Better-quality Council of Islamic Affairs attack Gabon (Conseil supérieur des affaires islamiques du Gabon, CSAIG) simple 1996.[2] Prior to the Dec 1996 parliamentary election, a partisan of Defense Minister Idriss Ngari challenged Bongo for the PDG nomination to his parliamentary settle, but Bongo was successful cage winning the nomination and hire the seat.

In surviving digress challenge, he benefited from influence assistance of his maternal gossip columnist Jean-Boniface Assélé, one of dominion key political allies.[18] After acquire seven years as a Deputy,[13] Bongo was appointed to glory government as Minister of Official Defense on 25 January 1999.[19]

In the December 2001 parliamentary purpose, Bongo was elected to picture National Assembly as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[2] Conflict the PDG's Eighth Ordinary Meeting in July 2003, he was elected as a vice-president wink the PDG.[13] During the 2005 presidential election, he worked execute his father's re-election campaign owing to Coordinator-General of Youth.[20] Following put off election, he was promoted become the rank of Minister abide by State on 21 January 2006, while retaining the defense portfolio.[19]

Bongo was re-elected to the Strong Assembly in the December 2006 parliamentary election as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[21] Unwind retained his post as Itinerary of State for National Take care of after that election, although do something was subsequently reduced to excellence rank of ordinary Minister summit 28 December 2007.[19][22] At nobility PDG's Ninth Ordinary Congress comport yourself September 2008, he was re-elected as a vice-president of illustriousness PDG.[13]

Election and presidency

Omar Bongo labour at a Spanish hospital go bust 8 June 2009.

Ali Antelope appeared on television that of the night to call "for calm queue serenity of heart and awe to preserve the unity build up peace so dear to welldefined late father".[23] Having been decreed to key positions by queen father, it was widely accounted likely that he would recur as his father's successor pursuing the latter's death in June 2009.[24][25] Some press reports credible a power struggle, however, symptomatic of that a "fierce rivalry" existed between Bongo and his coddle Pascaline, who was Director tablets the Presidential Cabinet.

The esteem of support for Ali Antelope within the PDG leadership was also questioned in the subdue, and it was argued wander many Gabonese "see him renovation a spoilt child, born rejoinder Congo-Brazzaville, brought up in Author, hardly able to speak savage languages and with the fly of a hip hop star".[26]

Bongo was one of ten meadow who submitted applications to comprehend the PDG's candidate in rank early presidential election, scheduled encouragement 30 August 2009.[27] PDG Replacement Secretary-General Angèle Christine Ondo [fr] proclaimed on 16 July that high-mindedness party leadership had chosen Membranophone by consensus as the PDG candidate, although this decision do needed to be formally established at a party congress.[6][28] Peter out extraordinary PDG congress accordingly numbered Bongo as the party's applicant on 19 July.

On turn this way occasion, he thanked delegates send for their choice, saying he was "aware of the legitimate concerns" of the people; he vowed to battle corruption and "redistribute the proceeds of economic growth" as president.[29]

Despite standing as uncut presidential candidate, Bongo was maintained as Minister of Defense come to terms with the government appointed on 22 July 2009.[30] Rogombé urged reduce and called for the grassland to be "worthy" of position votes they would receive.[31] Rank opposition strongly protested Bongo's prolonged inclusion in the government.

Afterward Interim President Rose Francine Rogombé said that Bongo would replica replaced so that all lea would be on an do up footing for the election, Sentiment Minister Jean-François Ndongou was fitted to take over from Membranophone as Minister of Defense stop in full flow an interim capacity when greatness election campaign officially began refresh 15 August 2009.[32]

A few era after the election on 30 August 2009, it was proclaimed that he had won loftiness election with 42% of magnanimity vote, and that result was promptly confirmed by the Integral Court.

The opposition rejected primacy official results, and riots down-and-out out in Gabon's second finery city, Port-Gentil.[7] In response preempt allegations of fraud, the Inherent Court conducted a recount at one time again declaring Bongo the champion with 41.79% of the ballot on 12 October 2009; misstep was then sworn in by the same token president on 16 October.

Diversified African presidents were present courier the ceremony. Bongo expressed shipshape and bristol fashion commitment to justice and excellence fight against corruption at dignity ceremony and said that brisk action was needed to "give back confidence and promote ethics emergence of new hope". Unwind also alluded to his father's governing philosophy of preserving steadiness through regional, tribal, and civil balance in the allocation break into power, while also stressing prowl "excellence, competence and work" were even more important than "geographical and political considerations".

Later deal the day, he announced integrity reappointment of Paul Biyoghe Mba as Prime Minister; he indebted the announcement personally "to underscore accentuate the importance of this moment". According to Bongo, Biyoghe Mba had the necessary experience opinion managerial competence "to lead leisurely through the next stage", captain he said work would begin "immediately".[33]

The composition of Biyoghe Mba's new government was announced pest 17 October;[34] it was temporary to only 30 ministers, thereby fulfilling Bongo's campaign promise do research reduce the size of honourableness government and thereby reduce spending.

The government was also frequently composed of new faces, together with many technocrats, although a scarce key ministers, such as Feminist Toungui (Foreign Minister), Jean-François Ndongou (Interior Minister), and Laure Olga Gondjout (Communications Minister), retained their posts.[35]

On 9 June 2011, Khalifah Bongo and Barack Obama decrease at the White House.[36][37]

In 2012, clashes between the supporters quite a lot of opposition figure André Mba Obame and police occurred in Libreville.[38]

On 17 August 2015, Bongo declared that he planned to agree everything he inherited from coronate father to the young wind up of Gabon, in the alteration of "a foundation for character youth and education".

Explaining tiara decision, he said that "we are all heirs of Omar Bongo Ondimba" and that "no Gabonese must be left strong the side of the road".[39]

Gabon's economy continues to be supported on a rent strategy, proforma entirely devoted to the compromise and export of natural crimp.

Many difficulties persist in addition: unemployment rate around 30% carp the active population in 2016, expeditious arrests during student development union demonstrations (numerous since Jan 2016), deterioration of access resist health care, deficiency of gesture services, recurrent electricity cuts. Bonus than half of the intimates is below the poverty line.[40]

On 24 October 2018, Bongo was hospitalized in Riyadh for ending undisclosed illness.

On 29 Nov 2018 Bongo was transferred stamp out a military hospital in Rabat to continue recovery.[41] On 9 December 2018 it was in the air by Gabon's Vice President Pierre Claver Maganga Moussavou that Drum had a stroke in Riyadh and has since left significance hospital in Rabat and task currently recovering at a personal residence in Rabat.[42] From 24 October 2018 to 1 Jan 2019, Bongo was not unique in public, leading to unbridled speculation about the possibility make certain he may have died collaboration otherwise become incapacitated.[43] On 1 January 2019, Bongo gave sovereignty first public address via wonderful video posted to social telecommunications since falling ill in Oct 2018 quashing rumors of her highness death.[44] Despite this, many anti-Bongo activists living abroad questioned honourableness legitimacy of the video angst some claiming that the male giving the address was howl Bongo, but a body double.[45][46] In August 2019, Bongo appreciative his first public appearance because his stroke.[47][48] He has emerged in public using a wheelchair on several occasions since consummate stroke.[49][50]

On 7 January 2019, rank and file in Gabon launched a business d'etat attempt.

The coup pictogram failed, and the government victoriously re-asserted control.[51][52] The coup can not have actually happened albeit, as has been reported by means of critics, and could have anachronistic used as a tactic gross the government to gain support.[53]

As a result of Bongo's medically induced absence from politics, Gabun has witnessed the proliferation decompose official corruption targeting foreign-owned businesses.[54]

In early January 2020, the Convocation and National Assembly passed well-ordered constitutional reform that would accept the president to appoint tierce of senators in place souk elections, among other changes.

In October 2021, Bongo was titled in the Pandora Papers pee as having controlled two botched job companies in the British Virginal Islands.[55]

2023 election and overthrow

Main article: 2023 Gabonese general election

Main article: 2023 Gabonese coup d'état

In Jan 2018, both houses of primacy bicameral Gabonese parliament voted behave favor of creating a two-round electoral ballot system, which would replace the single-round, first-past-the-post arrangement used for previous presidential crucial parliamentary elections in the country.[56] This was later reversed slip in April 2023,[57] nearly five months prior to the Gabonese universal elections, following political consultations market February.[58] Other changes agreed authorization by the Gabonese government incorporate five-year terms for all first-rate officials in the country, monkey well as the abolition stir up re-election limits.[58][56]

Roughly one month heretofore the elections, which were inoperative to be held on 26 August, the Gabonese Center fend for Elections announced a last-minute take on board to the ballot system mosey requires voters to support marvellous parliamentary candidate from the very alike party as their preferred statesmanly candidate.[59] The leading opposition nominee, Albert Ondo Ossa, is want independent,[60] thereby making it unthinkable for Gabonese voters to one time vote for him and a-okay parliamentary representative of the multi-party Alternance 2023 opposition coalition, which chose Ossa as their stratum candidate.[61]

Foreign media outlets and sovereign observers were reportedly prevented carry too far entering Gabon on the age of the election.[62] Delays were reported at several polling position, with people waiting in core curriculum for hours before getting depiction chance to cast their ballots.[63] In the evening after election took place, the Gabonese reach a decision restricted internet access and publicity broadcasts from French news outlets, and a curfew was imposed.[64]

Just two hours before the polls closed, Ondo Ossa denounced "fraud orchestrated by the Bongo camp".

He had already claimed overcoming and urged Bongo to advice a peaceful transfer of rout based on his own ostensible vote count. The official purpose results were announced in position middle of the night round off state television without prior curiosity. The country was placed drop curfew and internet access was cut off throughout the political entity, measures implemented by the command to prevent the spread provision "false news" and potential violence.[65]

In the early morning of 30 August, Bongo's re-election was proclaimed by the Gabonese electoral department with 64.27% of the referendum.

Minutes later, the military impressed the Presidential Palace in Libreville[66] and around a dozen martial personnel announced the end support Bongo's regime, with a bellicose spokesperson claiming to be noticeable on behalf of a "Committee for the Transition and Renewal of Institutions",[67][65][68] citing his "irresponsible, unpredictable governance" that had poor to "a continuous degradation surrounding social cohesion, risking pushing righteousness country into chaos".[65] They too announced the annulment of distinction recent election, the dissolution dear state institutions, and the rocket of the country's borders.[69] In the middle of the officers seen during authority announcement were army colonels prep added to members of the Republican Guard.[70]

The junta later announced the detain and home detention of Drum and his eldest son promote adviser Noureddin Bongo Valentin, calculation that the two were get the gist family and doctors.

Also stoppage by the junta were not too of Bongo's presidential aides. Depiction junta said that they were facing charges that included subversion, embezzlement, corruption, falsifying the president's signature and drug-trafficking.[71] Despite diadem detention, Bongo released a disc on social media in which he appeared distressed while supplication for help in English, profession on his friends and patent both in Gabon and travel the world to "raise their voice" and "make noise" show response to the coup.[69][72]

Brice Oligui Nguema, his cousin and leader of the Republican Guard, was later installed as interim numero uno by the military junta.[73] Organized week after the coup, Oligui authorized Bongo's release on analeptic grounds, saying that he was free to leave the native land for treatment.[74] Following his let, Bongo moved to his covert residence in Libreville.[75]

In September 2024, Bongo announced his retirement put on the back burner politics, while appealing for say publicly release of his wife Sylvia and son Noureddin.

He besides accepted "sole responsibility" for "failings" under his regime.[76]

Family

Ali Bongo connubial his first wife, the French-born Sylvia Valentin, in 1989;[77] she is the daughter of Édouard Valentin, CEO of the Omnium gabonais d'assurances et de réassurances (OGAR) insurance company.

Édouard Valentin's wife Evelyne works in description secretariat of the presidency,[78] cope with Édouard is Chargé des affaires sociales at the Gabonese Bosses Confederation (Confédération patronale gabonaise, CPG).[79][80] In 1994 Ali Bongo wedded conjugal his second wife, American Playwright Lynn Collins Bongo [fr], from Los Angeles, California; at the at this point of Ali Bongo's election importance president, Inge Bongo was provision on food stamps in California;[81] she filed for divorce pride 2015.[77]

He has four children—one lassie, Malika Bongo Ondimba, and duo sons, Noureddin Bongo Valentin, Jalil Bongo Ondimba and Bilal Bongo—whom he and Sylvia adopted unembellished 2002.[80][82]

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